Informatics Publishing Limited

H. R. Nethravathi ¹, T. R. Prashith Kekuda ², K. S. Vinayaka ³, N. B. Thippeswamy ¹, S. J. Sudharshan ², S. V. Praveen Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, P.G. Institute of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N. College of Applied Sciences, NES Campus, Shivamogga (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Studies and Research in Applied Botany, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta (Karnataka), IN
4 Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Kuvempu University, Shivagangothri, Tholahunase, Davangere (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The present study was carried to evaluate antioxidant and anthelmintic activity of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of Gnidia glauca (Fresen) Gilg. The preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins and flavonoids. A dose dependent antioxidant activity was observed in case of extracts. Methanol extract was found to possess greater radical scavenging potential than other extracts. All extracts were found to cause paralysis and death of worms but not to the extent of standard drug. Among extracts tested, the acetone extract took less time to cause paralysis and death of the worms when compared to other extracts. The antioxidant and anthelmintic activity of the solvent extracts could be mainly due to the presence of various phytoconstituents. Further studies are to be conducted to isolate active constituents and to find out the in vivo efficacy of the plant extracts tested.

Keywords

Gnidia glauca (Fresen) Glig.,antioxidant Activity, DPPH Assay, Anthelmintic Activity, Pheretima Pasthuma.

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S. V. Praveen Kumar ¹, T. R. Prashith Kekuda ², K. S. Vinayaka ³, M. Yogesh ⁴

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Shivagangothri, Tholhunase, Davangere, Karnataka, IN
2 S.R.N.M.N College of Applied Sciences, NES Campus, Balraj Urs Road, Shivamoga-577201, Karnataka, IN
3 Dept. of Studies and Research in Applied Botany, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577451, Karnataka, IN
4 Dept. of Chemistry, PES ITM, NH-206, Sagar Road, Shivamoga, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Lichens and lichen products have been used in traditional medicines for centuries. Silver has been used in many applications because it possesses several activities including antimicrobial activity. The objective of the investigation was to evaluate synergistic antibacterial effect of extracts of Parmotrema pseudotinctorum (des. Abb.) Hale and Ramalina hossei H. Magn and G. Awasthi and silver nanoparticles, if any, against bacteria causing food poisoning. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction method employing silver nitrate. The extracts of selected powdered lichen materials were obtained using methanol solvent. To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the lichen extracts and nanoparticles alone and in combination against Gram positive and Gram negative test bacteria, Agar well diffusion method was employed. The lichen extracts were more effective against Gram positive bacteria while silver nanoparticle on Gram negative bacteria. Among lichen extracts, R. hossei was found to affect bacteria to more extent than P. pseudotinctorum. In combination trails, the result was found to be superior to that of individual treatment. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive in combination trails as compared to extract alone. In case of combination trials involving R. hossei, the inhibition of E. coli and S. typhi was higher than that of standard antibiotic. The variation in sensitivity of test bacteria to single and combined treatment is possibly due to the nature of cell wall. It was found that the extracts and silver nanoparticles have synergistic action against test bacteria. Further experiments are to be conducted to isolate the active principle from extract and to evaluate the in vivo potential of extracts singly and in combination with silver nanoparticles.

Keywords

Silver Nanoparticles, Parmotrema pseudotinctorum (Des. Abb.) Hale, Ramalina hossei H. Magn and G. Awasthi, Antibacterial Activity, Synergistic Effect.

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